摘 要:目的 探讨准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(PRK)治疗重度近视的疗效。方法 使用Chiron Vision的Keracor 116准分子激光机,采用多光区切削的方法治疗重度近视49例89眼,屈光度范围:-10.00~-25.00D。术后随访1a,并对结果进行分析。结果 89眼重度近视PRK术后1a时,裸眼视力≥1.0者12眼,占3.48%,0.5~0.8者17眼,占19.10%,≤0.4者60眼,占67.42%;术后最佳矫正视力不变或上升者87眼,占96.63%,小于术前者3眼占3.37%;术后1mo时角膜上皮下雾浊最重,1a时最轻,88.76%的术眼角膜雾浊为0级;术后1a实际矫正度在预矫正度±1.00D以内者占32.69%,±2.00D以内者占46.31%;术后角膜曲率较术前显著下降(P<0.001),随访3~12mo期间角膜曲率稳定(P>0.05)。结论 多光区PRK治疗近视是一种安全、有效的方法,但预测性较差。
Results of 193-nm excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for severe myopia
SHEN Zheng-Wei,MA Qun,HUANG Zhen-Xi,LI Li,WU Jin-Tao
(Department of Ophthalmology,Wuhan General Hospital,Guangzhou Military Command)
YIN He
(Changjiang Hangyun General Hospital,Wuhan 430070,Hubei Province,China)
Abstract:Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of 193-nm excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)for severe myopia.Methods Eighty-nine eyes(48 patients) of severe myopia(rang:-10.00~-25.00D)were treated by multiple zone photorefractive keratectomy with a Keracor 116 excimer laser.The therapeutic effects and the refractive stability were investigated in 12-month follow-up study.Results After one year,3.48%(12 of eyes)attained visual acuity of 1.0 or better,19.10%(17 of eyes)were 0.5 to 0.8 and 67.42% of the eyes≤0.4,96.63% of the eyes improved or their best corrected visual acuity did not change,whereas 3.37% lost at least one line.Corneal haze was observed to be severe After one month,and diminished considerably after 6th and 12 month.After one year no haze could be seen in 88.76%,32.69% were within ±1.00D and 46.31% in ±2.00D.SAI,SRI and Sim K values had a significant change(P<0.001) one month after PRK,and no change occured(P>0.05) 3~12 months after PRK.Conclusion These date show that excimer PRK for treatment of severe myopia is an effective and safe refractive surgery,but it's predictability is not satisfactory.The treated pattern should be improved.
Key words:laser;moypia;cornea▲
用193-nm的PRK治疗低中度近视已取得良好疗效[1,2],我们也报道过PRK治疗-6.25~-9.00D范围高度近视的结果[3],其远期屈光回退或欠矫有所增加。但对于-10.00D以上的重度近视的PRK治疗效果,文献报道较少。本文对我院眼科准分子激光中心重度近视PRK治疗结果进行回顾性分析。
1 材料与方法
1.1 病例 选择1995年10月~1997年6月在我院接受PRK,随访1a以上,资料完整的48例89眼重度近视病例。平均年龄28.44±8.68a(18~54a)。术前最佳矫正视力≥1.0者为24眼占26.97%,0.5~0.8为57眼占64.04%,≤0.4者18眼占20.22%.术前平均近视球镜度-13.25D±3.15D(-10.00~-20.50D),散光-0.92D±1.12D(0~-4.00D),等值球镜度-13.71D±3.08D。术前检查包括:视力、验光、测眼压、Volk全视网膜镜检查眼底、超声角膜测厚和角膜地形图检查。
1.2 手术方法 采用美国Chiron Vision公司的Keracor 116准分子激光机,激光波长193nm,角膜表面能量120mJ·cm-2,脉冲频率10Hz,最大球镜切削直径7mm,散光切削直径4mm,根据所需切削的近视度数可进行Ⅰ~Ⅴ光区切削,并设有消中央小岛功能的0光区以及与正常组织相连的具有微颤碾磨功能的Blendzone切削区。本组病例-10.00~-11.25D采用3个切削区,-11.50~-14.75D采用4个切削区,-15.00D以上自行设计5个切削区。本组病例角膜中央最大切削深度控制在140μm以内。
手术过程见参考文献[3]。术后包扎眼至角膜上皮愈合,开始滴1g·L-1氟甲脱氧泼尼松龙眼液,第1mo每日4次,以后每2mo减少1次,共6~8mo。术后1、3、6及12mo进行详细复查。
2 结果
2.1 术后视力 PRK术后1、3、6及12mo裸眼视力见表1。
表1 PRK术后1、3、6、12mo裸眼视力变化
Table 1 The change of BCVA in 1、3、6、12 month after PRK
Post-operative |
≥1.0 |
0.5~0.8 |
≤0.4 |
Eyes |
Percent(%) |
Eyes |
Percent(%) |
Eyes |
Percent(%) |
1mo |
15 |
16.85 |
46 |
51.69 |
28 |
31.46 |
3mo |
17 |
19.10 |
33 |
37.08 |
29 |
32.58 |
6mo |
10 |
11.24 |
36 |
40.45 |
46 |
51.69 |
12mo |
12 |
3.48 |
17 |
19.10 |
60 |
67.42 |
术后12mo时,最佳矫正视力(BCVA)大于术前的32眼,占35.96%,最佳矫正视力下降1行以上者3眼,占3.37%,不变者54眼,占60.67%.
2.2 术后屈光度变化 术后1、3、6和12mo剩余等值球镜屈光度分别为-0.39D±0.87D,-0.79D±1.16D,-0.89D±1.23D和-1.23D±1.31D,术后1a实际矫正度在预测矫正度±1.00D以内者占32.69%,±2.00D以内者占46.31%.术后1a屈光回退的发生率为87.61%(屈光回退>0.25D以上)。
2.3 术后角膜曲率 PRK术后角膜曲率变化见表2。
表2 PRK术后角膜曲率变化
Table 2 The change of SimK and ACP of corneal surface
|
Pre-operative |
1mo |
3mo |
6mo |
12mo |
SimK1 |
44.85±1.81 |
37.50±1.13 |
38.25±2.19 |
37.88±2.40 |
37.84±2.02 |
SimK2 |
43.40±1.40 |
35.95±1.63 |
36.38±1.84 |
36.65±2.05 |
36.66±1.86 |
ACP |
44.12±1.55 |
36.77±1.68 |
37.14±1.95 |
37.27±2.20 |
37.27±1.91 |
单因素方差分析显示,角膜曲率(SimK1、K2)值和平均角膜前表面屈光力(ACP)值,在PRK治疗后均有显著下降(P<0.001),但PRK术后的1、3、6和12mo随访期内,SimK1、K2和ACP值无显著变化(P>0.05)。
2.4 PRK术后角膜表面SAI、SRI的变化,见表3。
表3 PRK术后角膜表面SAI、SRI的变化
Table 3 The change of SAI and SRI of corneal surface
|
Pre-operative |
1mo |
3mo |
6mo |
12mo |
SAI |
0.94±0.51 |
2.25±1.25 |
1.93±1.15 |
1.85±1.04 |
1.69±0.83 |
SRI |
0.22±0.20 |
0.88±0.39 |
0.70±0.36 |
0.56±0.32 |
0.52±0.27 |
单因素方差分析显示,PRK术后1mo时,SAI、SRI值较术前及术后3、6及12mo有显著差异(P<0.001),PRK术3mo后SAI、SRI值趋于稳定,无显著差异(P>0.05)。本文89眼平均角膜中央厚度为559.79±37.56μm,平均角膜中央切削深度为117.26±13.59μm。
2.5 Haze 角膜上皮下雾浊(Haze)分为4级,本文角膜Haze以PRK术后1mo时最为明显,为0.41±0.21,其中1级2眼占2.47%,3、6和12mo时角膜Hzae分别为0.32±0.23、0.35±0.28、0.14±0.19。1a时,角膜Haze为0级者79眼占88.76%,0.5~1级者2眼占2.25%,无超过1级的角膜Haze。1a时角膜Haze的发生和程度与年龄、性别和预矫度数无关(相关与回归,P>0.05)。
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