【摘要】 目的:观察中高度近视患者LASIK术前对周边视网膜变性和裂孔进行预防性激光光凝的疗效。方法:LASIK术前对中高度近视患者常规行直接眼底镜、三面镜和间接眼底镜检查, 对明确有周边视网膜变性或伴干性裂孔的42眼进行532nm激光光凝治疗。结果:患者激光光凝术后,周边视网膜变性及干性裂孔区封闭良好, 色素斑形成明显。LASIK术后6mo随访,未发生裂孔源性视网膜脱离。结论:LASIK术前对明确有视网膜变性或伴干性裂孔的高度近视患者预防性532nm激光光凝治疗是安全和有效的。
【关键词】 视网膜变性及干性裂孔;激光光凝术;中高度近视
Fundus examination and preventive photocoagulation before LASIK operation
Yan Zhang, YaoYu Li, GuoGuang Zhai
Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100700, China
Correspondence to: Yan Zhang. Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100700, China. [email protected] AbstractAIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of preventive laser photocoagulation for moderate and high myopia patients with peripheral retinal degeneration or holes before LASIK operation.METHODS: Moderate and high myopia patients underwent conventional direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy and Goldmann threemirror contact lens examination, fortytwo eyes with moderate or high myopia were confirmed to have peripheral retinal degeneration or retinal holes and were treated with 532nm laser photocoagulation before LASIK operation.RESULTS: After laser photocoagulation, the retinal holes were sealed well and retinal condition was good. Pigment spots were obviously formed. Patients were followed up for 6 months, and no rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was found.CONCLUSION: Preventive 532nm laser photocoagulation for moderate and high myopia patients, who were confirmed to have peripheral retinal degeneration or retinal holes before LASIK operation, is safe and effective. KEYWORDS: retinal degeneration and dry holes; laser photocoagulation ; moderate and high myopia
引言
准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis ,LASIK) 手术因其安全、稳定、并发症少已被广大近视患者接受,但是LASIK手术后出现裂孔源性视网膜脱离的病例在国内外都屡有报道[1-3],已经引起了大家的重视。中高度近视眼患者多数存在玻璃体及视网膜退行性变,尤其是周边视网膜变性、干性裂孔等。因此LASIK术前应详细检查周边部视网膜,及时处理有潜在危险的眼底并发症,从而预防和减少术后并发症[4]。我院眼科对LASIK术前对所有患者均散瞳检查眼底,对所有的视网膜裂孔及严重变性区均施行预防性光凝治疗,结果报告如下。
1对象和方法
1.1对象
收集自20060620/20070620来我院欲行LASIK手术而接受术前常规检查1 792例(3 442眼)近视患者的病历资料。男743 例(1 436眼),女1 049例(2 006眼) ;年龄18~40(平均22)岁;等效球镜度数0.75~21.00D(平均6. 25D);矫正视力0.8~1.2。
1.2方法
LASIK术前常规检查包括视力、散瞳电脑验光、检影验光、眼压、角膜地形图、角膜厚度、像差检查、裂隙灯检查和散瞳间接眼底镜检查等,异常眼底患者结合三面镜检查等。对发现有视网膜裂孔的患眼作详细记录,包括裂孔的位置、形状、数目和伴随变性情况。
2结果
2.1视网膜裂孔的发生率
患者1 792例(3 442眼)中发现视网膜裂孔及变性40例(42眼),占总人数的2.23%。其中男15例(16眼),女25例(26眼);年龄19~39(平均25)岁;右眼22只,左眼20只;最佳矫正视力0.8~1.2,平均1.0;等效球镜度数3.25~12.25D平均7.00D。其中2例为双眼发病。
2.2视网膜裂孔的数目、形状、大小和伴随病变 病变的42眼中,孤立圆形裂孔30个,裂孔一般≤1/4PD。伴局限性视网膜浅脱离1个,多发裂孔3个,另外8眼未见明显裂孔,但是可见严重格子样变性、霜样变性、树枝样变性、囊样变性及非压迫性变白。
2.3视网膜裂孔及变性发生的部位
所检查出的裂孔及变性中有25眼发生于颞上方,10眼于颞下方,5眼于鼻上方,2眼于鼻下方。
2.4视网膜裂孔与屈光度的关系
在3.25~12.00DS范围内,都可查出视网膜周边部退行性病变及裂孔。7.00DS左右的近视视网膜周边部退行性病变及裂孔的检出率较高,可能与近视眼人群中该度数近视人群较多有关。总体来说,不同屈光度组视网膜退行性病变及裂孔的检出率存在差异,随着近视屈光度的增加而趋增高(表1)。表1 裂孔与等效球镜度数之间的关系(略)
2.5预防性532nm激光光凝
所有病例均对周边视网膜变性或伴干性裂孔区行预防性激光光凝。激光机采用法国BVI 532nm 激光(倍频Nd:YAG激光)治疗仪治疗。激光参数:光斑大小为200μm,能量为80~150mW,曝光时间为0.2s,光凝强度为Ⅱ级。在周边视网膜变性区和干性裂孔周围做两 排光凝斑, 间隔1个光斑大小,每圈光凝点相互交错。局限性浅脱离者在脱离区外围环绕光凝,光凝时注意避开玻璃体牵引条索, 以避免玻璃体进一步牵引的危险性。
2.6术后结果
所有病变患者行预防性532nm激光光凝术后周边视网膜变性及干性裂孔区封闭良好, 色素斑形成明显。3d后复查,色素斑形成不明显者补充激光。激光后2wk行LASIK手术,术后6mo随访,未发生1例裂孔源性视网膜脱离。
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