中华眼科杂志 1999年第2期第35卷 论著
作者:陈家祺 谢汉平 龚向明 冯春茂 陈龙山 王铮 林跃生 杨斌
单位:510060 广州,中山医科大学中山眼科中心
关键词:角膜溃疡;综合疗法
【摘要】 目的 探讨蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者的临床特点和比较几种治疗方法的效果。方法 对连续治疗的蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者550例(715只眼)的患病年龄、性别、眼别、溃疡部位、溃疡穿孔、溃疡复发情况,以及球结膜切除术、板层角膜移植术及板层角膜移植术联合环孢霉素A滴眼的疗效进行分析。结果 平均患病年龄48.4岁;男∶女之比为1∶0.74;双眼患病者165例(30.0%),其中青年患者52例(31.5%),老年患者113例(68.5%)。溃疡侵犯睑裂区角膜缘501只眼(70.1%);溃疡穿孔率为13.3%,其中青年组41只眼(43.2%),老年组54只眼(56.8%),术后溃疡复发率为25.6%。板层角膜移植术联合环孢霉素A滴眼的一次手术治愈率为73.7%,最终治愈率为95.6%,上述疗法总的眼球保存率为99.7%。结论 板层角膜移植术联合环孢霉素A滴眼是目前治疗蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的有效方法。
A clinical analysis of Mooren′s corneal ulcer CHEN Jiaqi, XIE Hanping, GONG Xiangming, et al. Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and to compare the effects of several therapies of Mooren′s corneal ulcer.Methods 550 consecutive in-patients with Mooren′s corneal ulcer were clinically analyzed, including the age, sex, laterality of the eye, ulcer location, rate of perforation, cure rate of surgeries, recurrent rate, and the effects of conjunctiva excision, lamellar keratoplasty (LKP), LKP plus cyclosporin A eye drops.Results The average age of onset of the ulcer was 48.4 years old, the ratio of male to female was 1:0.74, bilateral disease occurred in 165 cases (30.0%) of whom 52 cases (31.5%) were in the younger group and 113 (68.5%) in the older group. There were 501 eyes (70.1%) with the ulcer located at the limbus of palpebral fissure, and 95 out of 715 eyes with the disease had corneal perforation, the rate of perforation being 13.3%, 41 cases (43.2%) in the younger group and 54 cases (56.8%) in the older group. The postoperative recurrent rate was 25.6%. The cure rate of once LKP plus cyclosporin A eye drops was 73.7%, the final cure rate was 95.6%, and the preservative rate of the corneal anatomical structure of the surgeries was 99.7%.Conclusion LKP plus cyclosporin A eye drops is an effective treatment of Mooren′s corneal ulcer.
【Key words】 Corneal ulcer Combined modality therapy
蚕蚀性角膜溃疡(Mooren′s corneal ulcer)是一种慢性、疼痛性溃疡,初发于角膜周边部,前缘呈穿凿状,沿角膜周边部延伸,再向中央发展,最终可累及全角膜。该病是一种顽固性、可致盲性的自身免疫性角膜病[1-3]。我院自1960~1996 年收治了连续治疗的蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者550例(715只眼),现将该病的临床特点及板层角膜移植术治疗的经验回顾分析如下。
资料与方法
一、病例选择
取本院1960~1996年连续治疗的蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者550例(715只眼), 男316例,女234例。双眼165例,单眼385例。年龄14~79岁,平均48.4岁。有眼部外伤史和手术史者9例,其中角膜树枝弹伤和异物伤5例,眼部化学伤1例,白内障术后和翼状胬肉切除术后各1例,面神经切断致眼睑闭合不全1例。周边部角膜溃疡伴有全身病史者7例未收入本统计内(Wegner肉芽肿4例,类风湿性关节炎2例,系统性红班狼疮1例)。
二、方法
1.诊断标准:根据蚕蚀性角膜溃疡的典型形态(角膜周边部溃疡,向中央方向的浸润缘呈穿凿状),结合详细的病史、体检及实验室检查,并除外引起周边性角膜溃疡的全身疾患后,作出诊断。随访时间(包括信访)1~7年。330例患者的角膜病变组织行病理检查,均排除了感染性角膜溃疡。
2.分组:按年龄进行分组,≤35岁为青年组,>35岁为老年组。
3.治疗方法:根据不同的手术设计方法将板层角膜移植术的疗效分为3个时段进行分析。(1) 1960~1975年,行溃疡病灶局部切除及板层角膜移植术(235只眼)。(2) 1976~1989年,行溃疡病灶较广泛切除和邻近球结膜切除及板层角膜移植术(296只眼),角膜移植片均带有2~3mm板层巩膜组织,多为新鲜供体材料,采用新月形,指环形,全板层角膜移植术等。(3) 1990~1996年的手术方法与1976~1989年的相同,术后局部滴用1%环胞霉素A眼液(114只眼),每日2~4次,持续半年至1年。球结膜切除术(116只眼)及疗效分析未分时段。手术后局部均滴用皮质类固醇眼液3~6个月。
4.统计学处理方法:治疗效果的统计学分析采用χ2检验方法,手术前、后的视力比较采用秩和检验方法。
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