2.3  基因治疗：ROP基因治疗是指用载体携带目的基因,此载体对机体无害并可以逃避宿主的免疫系统,进入细胞膜,将目的基因插入靶细胞DNA,通过基因治疗来调节参与ROP发生的各种细胞因子的表达。ROP在基因治疗方面尚处于动物实验阶段，这些因子包括VEGF、Bfgf、IGF-1、HIF-1等。Chowers等［19］将载有β-半乳糖酶基因的四种载体,注入18日龄的ROP视网膜新生血管大鼠模型的玻璃体腔中。结果显示：腺病毒载体介导的ROP大鼠的血管及内层视网膜上有显著的半乳糖苷酶表达,是有效的基因转移载体。在基因研究上，基因治疗仍存在如对视网膜光感受细胞及正常血管发育有影响等问题，且尚不能解决ROP引起的近视和ROP瘢痕导致的青光眼等许多诸强此类的问题，但是基因治疗仍有广阔的发展前景。

    ROP发生后由于缺氧使病情加重。动物模型和临床实验证实：给予充足氧气可缓解组织缺氧［20］。ROP补充氧治疗小组（STOP-ROP）对氧疗进行研究，研究中部分数据表明氧疗对嵴前期ROP治疗有效，此项实验还在进一步研究中。

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