作者:潘雪梅,王兴荣,袁明俊 作者单位:山东中医药大学眼科中心 山东施尔明眼科医院, 济南 250002
【摘要】 观察Stargardt病的荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)与光相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征。方法 对Stargardt病患者7例14眼拍摄彩色眼底图像,其中6例12眼行FFA检查,7例14眼行黄斑区OCT检查。结果 检眼镜检查4眼黄斑区色素紊乱呈颗粒状,FFA表现为暗脉络膜背景荧光,黄斑区呈现透见荧光,牛眼状高荧光,眼底检查8眼黄斑区表现为卵圆形变性区并呈金箔样反光,后极部出现黄色斑点,FFA表现为后极部斑点状荧光,晚期呈强荧光。OCT检查发现14眼神经上皮层变薄甚至缺失。结论 Stargardt病黄斑区神经上皮层萎缩,FFA表现为黄斑区透见荧光,OCT表现为视网膜厚度变薄,二者的临床应用为该病诊断提供了有效方法。
【关键词】 Stargardt病 荧光造影 光学相干断层扫描
PAN Xuemei, WANG Xingrong, YUAN Mingjun
(Eye Center of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shandong Shierming Eye Hospital, Jinan 250002,China)
To determine the characteristics of the results of fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in Stargardt′s disease(STGD). Methods 7 patients (14 eyes) with Stargardt′s were diagnosed by ocular fundus photochromy, and 6 patients (12 eyes) received FFA and 7 patients (14 eyes) received OCT. Results Pigment was disordered at the macula in 4 eyes by ophthalmoscopy. A “dark choroid" and window defect (bullseye pattern hyperfluorescence) were found by FFA, yellowwhite fleck lesions were found in the pole in 8 eyes by ophthalmoscopy, also hypofluorescent became more apparent in the later phase by FFA, and the retina was reduced or deleted in 14 eyes by OCT. Conclusion FFA combined with OCT is useful for studying the clinical features and pathological mechanism of Stargardt's disease.
Key words: Stargardt′s disease; Fluorescein angiography; Optical coherence tomography
Stargardt病是遗传性黄斑营养不良中最常见的一种,以双眼中心视力下降及对称性黄斑部进行性萎缩为主要表现,眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)和光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查具有特异性表现。2005年5月至2007年5月我院诊治Stargardt病7例14眼,报告如下。
1 资料与方法 Stargardt病患者7例14眼,其中男5例10眼,女2例4眼,5~22岁,平均13岁,均因视力低下不能矫正至正常就诊,最佳矫正视力0.04~0.4。眼前节检查均正常。所有患者均进行直接、间接检眼镜检查,眼底彩色照相及OCT检查,除1例5岁患儿因年龄太小不合作外,其余6例12眼均行FFA检查(荧光素钠用量按15mg/kg计算,最多用600mg)。OCT检查仪器为ZeissHμmpherey OCT3仪,勿需散瞳,患者保持坐位,下巴放于颏架上。当检查视力为0.05及以上或中心注视时采用内注视,当检查视力为0.05以下或非中心注视时采用外注视。择水平或垂直方向线性扫描,扫描长度一般为4.0mm,选择清晰图像储存在计算机内。利用OCT仪所附的软件测量视网膜厚度。测量部位选择黄斑中心凹,色素上皮光带内侧至神经上皮内侧的距离为神经上皮厚度,如神经上皮缺失,则为缺失宽度。FFA检查仪器为Topcon TRC50IX眼底荧光血管造影仪,患者充分散瞳,行荧光素钠过敏试验,经前臂肘正中静脉5s内迅速注入20%荧光素钠,连续摄取FFA图像。
2 结果 检眼镜检查黄斑区,发现4眼色素紊乱呈颗粒状(彩图12),FFA表现为暗脉络膜背景荧光,黄斑区呈现透见荧光,牛眼状高荧光(彩图13),眼底检查8眼黄斑区表现为卵圆形变性、萎缩并呈金箔样反光,后极部出现黄色斑点(彩图14),FFA表现为后极部斑点状荧光至晚期呈强荧光,有3眼还可见较粗大的脉络膜血管形态(彩图15)。OCT检查示8眼黄斑区的神经上皮层消失,缺失宽度为332~748μm,平均552μm(彩图16),其余6眼神经上皮层变薄,中心凹感光暗带几乎消失,平均仅为43μm(彩图17),见表1。(略)
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